Introduction
The Shih-Tzu is one of Brazil’s most beloved dog breeds. With its sweet temperament, expressive eyes, and luxurious coat, this pup quickly becomes the heart of any home. But behind all that charm lie some common health conditions that require special attention.
If you work with pet grooming or plan to, understanding the Shih-Tzu’s needs is essential. In this guide, you’ll learn how to identify, prevent, and manage the most frequent Shih-Tzu health problems, backed by science and practical experience.
Why Shih-Tzus Need Extra Health Attention
According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), the Shih-Tzu ranks among the top ten breeds genetically predisposed to eye and skin disorders. That’s largely due to its flat face (brachycephaly) and large, exposed eyes.
A 2024 study by Instituto Pet Brasil found that the Shih-Tzu is one of the top three dog breeds in Brazilian households. That makes caring for this breed not just a personal duty, but a social responsibility.
1. Eye Problems in Shih-Tzus
Their prominent eyes are adorable — but vulnerable. Common eye issues include:
- Corneal ulcers
- Entropion (inward-turning eyelids)
- Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
📚 A study by Peña et al. (2015) shows that dry eye affects up to 20% of Shih-Tzus in ophthalmic clinics.
Warning Signs:
- Excessive tearing
- Redness or inflammation
- Squinting or sensitivity to light
💡 Groomer Tip: Avoid using products near the eyes. Clean gently with saline solution when necessary.
2. Breathing Issues: The Brachycephalic Challenge
That cute flat face comes with a cost. Respiratory issues in Shih-Tzus include:
- Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
- Nasal stenosis
- Tracheal collapse
📊 According to the Veterinary Medical Association of the UK, 43% of Shih-Tzus experience some form of respiratory distress.
💡 Avoid walks during hot weather and limit intense physical activity.
3. Skin Conditions: Beautiful Coat, Sensitive Skin
Their dense coat and delicate skin make Shih-Tzus prone to:
- Atopic dermatitis
- Seborrhea
- Allergies (food and environmental)
Aggravating Factors:
- Skipping daily brushing
- Using harsh grooming products
- Humid or unclean environments
📚 Waltham Petcare Science Institute (2021) lists dermatitis as a top 5 cause of vet visits among Shih-Tzus.
4. Dental Diseases: A Silent Threat
Due to their small mouths, Shih-Tzus are highly susceptible to dental issues like:
- Tartar buildup
- Gingivitis
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Periodontal disease
📊 The Journal of Veterinary Dentistry reports that 80% of small breed dogs, including Shih-Tzus, develop periodontal disease by age 3.
Prevention:
- Brush teeth regularly
- Offer dental chews
- Schedule professional cleanings
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5. Joint Problems: Hidden Pain in the Legs
Two major orthopedic issues in the breed include:
- Patellar luxation (dislocated kneecap)
- Hip dysplasia
These conditions often worsen with obesity and lack of exercise.
🎓 A USP study (University of São Paulo) found that 28% of Shih-Tzus at their veterinary hospital had patellar luxation.
Quick Checklist: How to Keep Your Shih-Tzu Healthy
✅ Stay up-to-date on vaccinations
✅ Visit the vet regularly
✅ Use appropriate grooming products
✅ Brush coat daily to avoid matting
✅ Invest in high-quality food
✅ Clean eyes and teeth often
✅ Protect your pet from invisible threats.
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Academic and Institutional References
- Peña et al. (2015) — Prevalence of dry eye in Shih-Tzus, up to 20% of cases
- O’Neill et al. (2017) — Corneal ulcer rates in brachycephalic breeds (3.45% in Shih-Tzus)
- Veterinary Medical Association (UK) — 43% of Shih-Tzus have respiratory symptoms
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute (2021) — Dermatitis top 5 in Shih-Tzus
- Journal of Veterinary Dentistry — 80% of small dogs show dental disease by age 3
- USP (2020) — 28% of Shih-Tzus examined had patellar luxation
